辣妈手记丨每五个女性就有一个子宫肌瘤患者：这个肿瘤切不切？
<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size: 16px;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><p style="text-align:center;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90613" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4" data-custom="#fbbcc4"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;border: 2px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);text-align: center;padding: 20px;border-top-left-radius: 10px;border-top-right-radius: 10px;border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"><section style="background-color: #fbbcc4;padding: 20px;border-radius: 10px;color: #ae0a1f;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush"><p style="text-align: left;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">一提起肿瘤，患者心里就一阵寒颤！其实不用太紧张，大部分肿瘤都是良性的，像今天要讲的子宫肌瘤，就是一个良性几率能达到99%以上的肿瘤！</span></p></section></section><section style="width:15px;height:10px;border-width:0 0 2px 2px;border-color:#ccc;border-style:dashed;background-color: #fff;margin-top: -4px;margin-left: 20px;transform: skew(0deg, -40deg);-webkit-transform: skew(0deg, -40deg);-moz-transform: skew(0deg, -40deg);-ms-transform: skew(0deg, -40deg);-o-transform: skew(0deg, -40deg);"></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #0C0C0C;">子宫肌瘤，又称为纤维肌瘤、子宫纤维瘤。它是女性生殖器官中最常见的一种良性肿瘤，多发于育龄期女性，发生率在20%-25%左右。发生率虽然很高，但肌瘤生长缓慢，恶变的几率只有0.4%-0.8%，多见于绝经后出现疼痛及出血的女性。</span></p><p><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92161" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4" data-custom="#fbbcc4"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: center;" data-width="100%"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;margin-right: -5px;margin-left: 5px;color: rgb(174, 10, 31);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);"></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-top: -30px;line-height: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><span style="color: #d88993;"><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;font-size: 18px;">子宫肌瘤病因</span></strong><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;font-size: 18px;"></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85692" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbf4f5" data-custom="#fbf4f5"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;" class="layout"><section style="padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(225, 225, 225) 8px 8px 3px 0px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 1.4;white-space: normal;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(176, 64, 80);border: 2px dotted rgb(252, 252, 252);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);"><section class="135brush" style="color: inherit;border-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #000000;">有些妈妈可能会很郁闷：“我不吃辣、不喝酒、不熬夜、注意卫生、注意锻炼……为什么还会惹了肿瘤君？”</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="color: #000000;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.5797101449275363" src="data/attachment/forum/201803/16/144634bdagwwn40mb1ggbs.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="690" height="167" style="width: 288px;height: 167px;" width="288"/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #000000;">主要原因是雌激素水平较高！大量的临床观察和试验结果都表明子宫肌瘤是一种激素依赖性肿瘤。肌瘤生长的主要因素就是雌激素。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92161" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: center;" data-width="100%"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;margin-right: -5px;margin-left: 5px;color: rgb(174, 10, 31);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);"></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-top: -30px;line-height: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><span style="color: #d88993;font-size: 18px;"><strong>临床症状</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #0C0C0C;">有些妈妈没有症状，都是在检查身体时偶然发现的。部分妈妈会有以下症状：</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85692" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbf4f5" data-custom="#fbf4f5"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;" class="layout"><section style="padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(225, 225, 225) 8px 8px 3px 0px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 1.4;white-space: normal;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(176, 64, 80);border: 2px dotted rgb(252, 252, 252);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);"><section class="135brush" style="color: inherit;border-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17682;background-color: #d17682;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;" data-original-title="" title="">1</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17682;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17682;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #d17682;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;">子宫出血</span></strong></span></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">以周期性出血最常见，此时月经量增多、经期延长或周期缩短。也可出现不规则阴道出血。长期出血可引起失血性贫血。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">其中肌壁间肌瘤和粘膜下肌瘤出血较为常见。浆膜下肌瘤很少引起子宫出血。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="color: #000000;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.6988727858293076" src="data/attachment/forum/201803/16/144634os8msllulhmp6u0p.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1242" height="203" style="width: 290px;height: 203px;" width="290"/></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17682;background-color: #d17682;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;" data-original-title="" title="">2</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17682;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17682;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #d17682;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;">包块及压迫症状</span></strong></span></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">在清晨膀胱充盈时，可能会在腹部摸到包块。包块可移动，无压痛。当肌瘤长到一定大小时，还可压到周围其他器官，引起其他器官的压迫症状：压到膀胱会产生尿频、尿急甚至尿潴留；压到直肠可引起大便不畅；压到输尿管可引起肾盂积水。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17682;background-color: #d17682;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;" data-original-title="" title="">3</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17682;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17682;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;color: #d17682;font-size: 16px;">疼痛</span></strong></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">一般子宫肌瘤不引起疼痛，但有些患者会有腰酸背疼、下腹坠感。当肌瘤发生扭转或肌瘤发生红色变性时会产生急性腹痛。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17682;background-color: #d17682;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;" data-original-title="" title="">4</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17682;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17682;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;color: #d17682;font-size: 16px;">白带增多</span></strong></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="line-height: 30px;text-indent: 28px;color: #000000;font-family: 微软雅黑;">子宫腔变大，子宫内膜腺体增多，可使白带增加。如果伴有感染，白带中还可带有血丝和脓液。</span></p><p><br/></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17682;background-color: #d17682;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;" data-original-title="" title="">5</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17682;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17682;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;color: #d17682;font-size: 16px;">不孕与流产</span></strong></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">肌瘤生长部位、大小及数量可能会影响受孕和妊娠。肌瘤患者自然流产率高于正常女性。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92161" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: center;" data-width="100%"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;margin-right: -5px;margin-left: 5px;color: rgb(174, 10, 31);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);"></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-top: -30px;line-height: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><span style="color: #d88993;font-size: 18px;"><strong>是切还是留？</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #0C0C0C;">子宫肌瘤的常见治疗方式为手术治疗和药物治疗。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85692" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbf4f5" data-custom="#fbf4f5"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;" class="layout"><section style="padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(225, 225, 225) 8px 8px 3px 0px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 1.4;white-space: normal;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(176, 64, 80);border: 2px dotted rgb(252, 252, 252);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);"><section class="135brush" style="color: inherit;border-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17581;background-color: #d17581;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;">1</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17581;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17581;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;color: #d88993;">药物治疗</span></strong></span></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">这些药物通常是抗激素药物，它只能缓解症状，并不能使肌瘤消失。而且这些药物副作用明显，育龄期女性<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">不适用</span>。<br/></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85640" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#d17682" data-custom="#d17682"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;color: #ffffff;border-color: #d17581;background-color: #d17581;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding: 5px 8px;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color:inherit;"><span class="autonum" style="color:inherit;">2</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="border-left: 8px solid #d17581;border-right-width: 0px;border-right-color: #d17581;display: inline-block;float: left;color: inherit;margin-top: 8px;border-bottom: 8px solid transparent !important;border-top: 8px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 40px;padding-top: 2px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #d17581;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;">手术治疗</span></strong></span></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #d17682;"><strong>①肌瘤切除术</strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">适用于希望保存生育功能的40岁以下年轻女性。肌瘤较大、生长较快但无恶变、患者有明显不适感等情况均可行此手术。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">需要注意的是，就算做了手术还是有复发可能的。因为手术只能切除肉眼可见肌瘤，一些极小的肌瘤无法清除。而这些小肌瘤还是会逐渐长大。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #d17682;"><strong>②子宫切除术</strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">肿瘤有恶变可能、无生育需求、年龄较大等宜行子宫切除术。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91938" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #d17682;"><strong>③随诊观察</strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #000000;">有必要手术的我们接受手术治疗，但如果没有任何症状或症状不明显，肿瘤大小＜5cm时，可以采取随诊观察法。一般<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">建议3-6个月检查一次B超，观察肌瘤动态。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: #000000;">若为近绝经女性，绝经后有自然萎缩的可能。但如果继续增大，仍然要考虑手术治疗。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92161" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><p><br/></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbbcc4"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: center;" data-width="100%"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;margin-right: -5px;margin-left: 5px;color: rgb(174, 10, 31);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);"></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 68, 68);height: 35px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-top: -30px;line-height: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><span style="color: #d88993;font-size: 18px;"><strong>其他注意事项</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85692" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" data-color="#fbf4f5" data-custom="#fbf4f5"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;" class="layout"><section style="padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(225, 225, 225) 8px 8px 3px 0px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 1.4;white-space: normal;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(176, 64, 80);border: 2px dotted rgb(252, 252, 252);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);"><section class="135brush" style="color: inherit;border-color: rgb(251, 244, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">避免食用雌激素较高的食物；注意低脂饮食；避免使用避孕药。其他不用太担心。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;">另外，慎重使用美容院产品，不用来路不明的化妆品。<br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align: right;"><br/></p><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86006" style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;border: 0px none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding: 20px;max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);color: rgb(174, 10, 31);background-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(251, 188, 196);color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;color: #0C0C0C;white-space: pre-wrap;">我们不忽视疾病，但也不能太害怕疾病。极大多数的子宫肌瘤都是良性的，不要有什么心理负担。需要注意不管是做过肌瘤切除手术还是随诊观察，3-6个月都要进行一次复查，出现问题与医生交流。这个肿瘤，没什么大不了！</span></p></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section>
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